To observe the working of a kaleidoscope, one should shake the instrument and peek in through the small hole. The final step is to pour small colourful glass, crystal, or sparkle pieces into the tube. Attach another circular piece of transparent glass that has the same dimensions as that of the cardboard circular cut out to the base of the tube. Now, attach the cardboard circular piece to the top of the tube with the help of glue or tape. It should be noted that the diameter of the circular cardboard cut out should be equal to the diameter of the cylindrical tube. The next step is to cut a circular piece from the cardboard sheet and drill a small hole at its centre. The length of the cylindrical tube is preferred to be longer than the length of the mirror prism. The prism structure made up of mirrors is then fixed inside the hollow cylindrical tube. These mirrors are attached to each other in the shape of a triangular or a pentagonal prism. Typically, a kaleidoscope usually makes use of three or five rectangle-shaped mirrors. The materials required for the construction of a kaleidoscope include a hollow cardboard cylinder, three or more rectangular pieces of plain mirror, a cardboard piece, adhesive tape or glue, a pair of scissors, and a piece of transparent glass. The first step to constructing a kaleidoscope is to join the rectangular pieces of mirrors or reflective surfaces edge to edge with the help of adhesive tape or glue and form a prism shape. Here, ‘X’ denotes the angle of inclination between the two mirrors. The exact number of images of an object formed when it is placed in front of two plane mirrors placed at a particular angle can be easily determined with the help of the formula, (360/X)°-1. The angle between the mirrors serves to be the prime criterion that decides the number of resultant complete and composite or partial images of the object. The number of reflections or the number of images formed as a result can be easily determined by observing the angle at which the mirrors are aligned. One can easily observe the phenomenon of multiple reflections in real life by using more than one mirror to obtain the reflections of an object. This phenomenon is known as multiple reflections. This property of mirrors can be utilized to obtain more than one reflection of an object. The basic property of a mirror is to reflect the image of any object that is placed in front of it. A kaleidoscope typically works on the principle of multiple reflections.
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